What describes the relationship between the maxillary and mandibular arch?

The term that best describes the relationship between the maxillary and mandibular arch is centric relationship. This refers to the maxilla (upper arch) and mandible (lower arch) being in a specific alignment where the condyles of the mandible are in the most posterior, superior position in the glenoid fossae of the temporal bone, with the mouth closed in a non-strained position. This positions the jaws in a way that is critical for occlusion and overall function, and it serves as a reference point for dental professionals when determining how teeth meet.

Understanding centric relationship is essential for dental procedures and orthodontic assessments, as it provides a stable and repeatable reference point. This relationship aids in treatment planning and in troubleshooting issues related to occlusion since deviations from this position can lead to functional problems or discomfort.

Other terms such as occlusal relationship, bite relationship, or functional relationship may describe various aspects of how the teeth engage with each other but do not specifically refer to the anatomical and physiological positioning in centric occlusion.