What effect does plaque buildup have on oral health?

Plaque buildup has a significant negative impact on oral health, and the option that indicates it increases the risk of gum disease is correct. Plaque is a soft, sticky film of bacteria that forms on teeth and can harden into tartar if not removed through regular brushing and flossing. When plaque accumulates, it creates an environment conducive to the growth of harmful bacteria, which can lead to inflammation of the gums, a condition known as gingivitis. If gingivitis is left untreated, it can progress to more severe forms of gum disease, such as periodontitis, which can result in gum recession, tooth loss, and other serious health issues.

The other options do not accurately reflect the effects of plaque. For example, plaque buildup does not improve enamel strength, nor does it enhance taste sensitivity or strengthen jaw alignment. In fact, excessive plaque can lead to cavities, weaken enamel due to acid production from bacterial metabolism, and contribute to overall decline in oral health if oral hygiene is not properly maintained.