Which dental procedure typically involves the removal of plaque and calculus?

Scaling is a dental procedure primarily associated with the removal of plaque and calculus (tartar) from the teeth and gum line. This process is vital for maintaining oral health, as plaque and calculus can lead to gum disease and tooth decay if not adequately removed. During scaling, different instruments such as hand scalers or ultrasonic devices are used to carefully detach and remove these deposits from the surfaces of the teeth.

In contrast, fluoride treatment aims to strengthen the enamel of the teeth and prevent decay but does not involve the removal of deposits. Oral surgery encompasses a broad range of surgical procedures, which may include tooth extractions and other invasive treatments, but is not specifically focused on cleaning the teeth. Sealant application involves placing a protective coating on the teeth to prevent cavities, rather than cleaning them. Thus, scaling is uniquely designed to address the removal of harmful deposits, making it the correct choice for this question.